Efficacy of a treatment program based on positive psychology for drug use in juvenile offenders. / Eficacia de un programa de tratamiento en el consumo de drogas en menores infractores desde la psicología positiva.

One of the factors that increase the likelihood of adolescents starting to exhibit and consolidate anti-social behavior is drug use, with a consistent pattern of consumption of different substance found in young offenders (Aebi, Bessler & Steinhausen, 2021). A cognitive-behavioral group treatment program inspired by the positive psychology approach was developed and applied to drug use in minors deprived of liberty (experimental group); the results were compared to those of a group of adolescents with the same type of drug use in the same center (active control group) at two points in time: during and after incarceration. The fall in the rate of problems associated with drug use after incarceration in the experimental group was statistically significant compared to the control group, and the effect size of the experimental condition was large (ῆ^2 = 0.55), much higher than the control group (ῆ^2 = 0.16). The treatment program has proven to be an effective tool for reducing problems associated with drug use and is especially effective in reducing alcohol and cannabis consumption.

Uno de los factores que aumentan en mayor medida la probabilidad de que los adolescentes inicien y consoliden comportamientos antisociales es el consumo de drogas, encontrándose un patrón consistente de consumo de diferentes sustancias en los menores infractores (Aebi, Bessler y Steinhausen, 2021). Para la redacción del presente trabajo se desarrolló y aplicó un programa de tratamiento, de corte cognitivo ­ conductual e inspirado en el enfoque de la psicología positiva, para el consumo de drogas en menores de edad privados de libertad (grupo experimental). Los resultados se compararon con los de un grupo de adolescentes con la misma tipología de consumo internos en el mismo Centro (grupo control activo) en dos momentos, durante y tras el internamiento. El grupo experimental redujo de manera estadísticamente significativa la tasa de problemas asociados al consumo de drogas en comparación con el grupo control tras el internamiento, siendo el tamaño del efecto de la condición experimental elevado (ῆ

Risk Prediction and Assessment of Intervention, Re-education and Reintegration of Juvenile Offenders: Development and Psychometric Properties of the PREVI-A.

This paper proposes and analyzes the psychometric properties of the PREVI-A scale (Predicción del Riesgo y Valoración de la Intervención en la ARRMI--Risk Prediction and Intervention Assessment in the ARRMI). It describes the process of item development, the factorial structure of the scale, reliability, evidence of validity and diagnostic performance with regard to recidivism risk in juvenile offenders. The sample was made up of 212 juvenile offenders held at detention centers run by the Madrid Agency for Reeducation and Reintegration of Juvenile Offenders, a regional government body. Statistical analyses were used to corroborate the theoretical factorial structure of the PREVI-A, which consists of six risk/protection dimensions (64 items) based on the Risk-Needs-Responsivity Model, and to obtain empirical support for the reliability and validity of PREVI-A as a tool to assess the risk of recidivism by juvenile offenders in Spain.

The relationship between trial data in judicial sentences and self-reported aggression in men convicted of violence against women / Relación entre hechos probados en sentencias judiciales y agresión autoinformada en hombres condenados por violencia de género

Background: The Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2) is widely used to assess intimate partner violence (IPV). Given the limitations preventing the collection of dyadic data, it is necessary to examine the relationship between the offender’s own self-reporting and the facts established in trial proceedings. This study assesses the relationship between aggression data self-reported by participants via CTS-2 and the data contained in convictions for partner abuse. Method: Two groups of men convicted of abuse against their female intimate partners or ex-partners (1,998 imprisoned offenders and 804 court-referred offenders), and 590 men from the community (general population) participated. The relationship was analyzed between the scores for self-reported CTS-2 items and violent behaviors described by proven facts. An ANCOVA with post-hoc comparisons (Bonferroni) was performed to assess the differences in CTS-2 scores between the three groups. Results: In the two groups of convicted participants, a significant relationship was found between CTS-2 items and the proven facts. Meanwhile, significant differences were found between the three groups in three CTS-2 subscales. Conclusions: The CTS-2 self-reported perpetrated aggression data provided by the convicted participants are related to the factual basis for convictions, and such data are therefore usable in forensic and psychological intervention contexts

Antecedentes: la Escala Táctica de Conflictos Revisada (CTS-2) es ampliamente utilizada para evaluar la violencia contra la pareja (VCP); dadas las limitaciones para obtener datos diádicos, es necesario examinar la relación entre el autoinforme de los maltratadores y las sentencias judiciales. Se evaluó la relación entre la agresión autoinformada mediante la CTS-2 y las condenas por maltrato de pareja. Método: participaron dos grupos de hombres condenados por maltrato contra su pareja o ex pareja femenina (1.998 internos en prisión y 804 derivados de la Justicia), y 590 hombres comunitarios (población general). Se analizó la relación entre las puntuaciones en los ítems de la CTS-2 y las conductas objetivadas por los hechos probados en las sentencias. Se realizó un ANCOVA con comparaciones post-hoc (Bonferroni) para evaluar las diferencias en la CTS-2 entre los tres grupos. Resultados: en los dos grupos de participantes condenados se encontró relación significativa entre algunos ítems de la CTS-2 y los hechos probados. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los tres grupos en tres subescalas de la CTS-2. Conclusiones: los datos de agresión autoinformada mediante la CTS-2 por los participantes condenados guardan relación con los hechos probados, y pueden ser útiles en contextos forenses y de intervención psicológica

Agreement on reporting acts of aggression in couples in a community simple / Acuerdo sobre los actos de agresión en la pareja en una muestra comunitaria

BACKGROUND: Agreement about acts of aggression in couples on the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-2) was evaluated. METHOD: We conducted a quota sampling method to recruit a community sample of 590 heterosexual adult couples from the Region of Madrid (Spain). RESULTS: Prevalence rates based on the maximum dyadic report identified more aggressive behaviors than did individual reports of perpetration and victimization in men and women. Partner agreement about physical and psychological aggression was significant and moderate. However, partners agreed that Negotiation of Conflicts and Positive Behaviors assessed with the Dyadic Adjustment Scale were higher than the behaviors of the Physical Assault Scale. CONCLUSIONS: Correction factors are provided to estimate the prevalence of aggressive behavior and injuries when we only had individual reports of aggression. Partner agreement reveals the existence of variables at the individual level that significantly influence the assessment of aggression in the couple

ANTECEDENTES: evaluamos el acuerdo en la pareja sobre los actos de agresión mediante la Escala de Tácticas de Conflicto (CTS-2). MÉTODO: se realizó un muestreo por cuotas para reclutar una muestra comunitaria de 590 parejas heterosexuales pertenecientes a la Comunidad de Madrid (España). RESULTADOS: la prevalencia basada en el informe diádico máximo identificó más comportamientos agresivos que los informes individuales de perpetración y victimización, en hombres y mujeres. El acuerdo en la pareja en agresión física y psicológica fue significativo y moderado. Sin embargo, el acuerdo sobre la Negociación de Conflictos y los Comportamientos Positivos evaluados mediante la Escala de Ajuste Diádico fue mayor que en los comportamientos de Agresión Física. CONCLUSIONES: se proporcionan factores de corrección para estimar la prevalencia de comportamientos agresivos y lesiones cuando solo se dispone de los informes individuales de agresión. El acuerdo en la pareja pone de manifiesto la existencia de variables a nivel individual que influyen significativamente en la evaluación de la agresión en la pareja

Psychometric evaluation of the Self-Appraisal Questionnaire in a Spanish sample of offenders / Evaluación psicométrica del Cuestionario de Auto-valoración en una muestra española de delincuentes

BACKGROUND: The Self-Appraisal Questionnaire (SAQ) is a self-report instrument designed to predict recidivism among adult criminal offenders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of this self-report in a Spanish sample of offenders. METHOD: The questionnaire was administered to 276 offenders recruited from various prisons in Madrid (Spain). RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the underlying structure of SAQ was best explained by a one-factor solution. SAQ total scores exhibited high levels of internal consistency (.92). Correlations of the instrument with violence risk measures were statistically significant and had a moderate magnitude, indicating a reasonable degree of concurrent validity. CONCLUSIONS: After examination of its psychometric properties, it was concluded that the SAQ total score is a reliable and valid measure to estimate violence risk in Spanish offenders

ANTECEDENTES: el Cuestionario de Auto-Valoración (SAQ) es un instrumento de auto-informe diseñado para predecir el riesgo de reincidencia en población penitenciaria. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar sus propiedades psicométricas en una muestra española de delincuentes. MÉTODO: el cuestionario fue administrado a 276 delincuentes procedentes de varias prisiones de Madrid (España). RESULTADOS: el análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró que la estructura subyacente del SAQ fue explicada por una solución uni-factorial. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach obtenido para la puntuación total del SAQ fue alto (.92). Las correlaciones obtenidas con otras medidas del riesgo de violencia fueron estadísticamente significativas y tuvieron una magnitud moderada, indicando un razonable grado de validez concurrente del instrumento. CONCLUSIONES: después de examinar sus propiedades psicométricas, la puntuación total del SAQ proporciona una medida suficientemente fiable y válida para estimar el riesgo de violencia en población de delincuentes españoles

Alcohol consumption, illicit substances, and intimate partner violence in a sample of batterers in psychological treatment.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the alcohol and illicit substance consumption characteristics in a sample of 572 batterers in treatment by court order. The results indicate that the prevalence of alcohol consumption in the past year was 89.3%, whereas within illicit substances, the prevalences were higher for cannabis (27.8%), followed by cocaine 20.3%). In order to analyze the possible effect of consumption on levels of perpetration and victimization of partner-aggression, the sample was divided into 4 groups: nonconsumers (16.3%), alcohol consumers (58.6%), illicit drug consumers (3.5%), and consumers of alcohol and illicit drugs (21.7%), finding that the groups of nonconsumers and alcohol consumers presented the lowest level of perpetration of psychological, physical, and sexual aggression and of victimization of psychological and physical aggression, whereas the group of consumers of alcohol and illicit drugs presented the highest levels. The results reveal the need to assess substance consumption when designing intervention protocols with batterers.

Reciprocal Psychological Aggression in Couples: A Multi-Level Analysis in a Community Sample.

The present study analyzes reciprocal psychological aggression assessed by the Conflict Tactics Scale-Revised (CTS-2) in a sample of 590 adult couples from the Region of Madrid. Psychological aggression is the most frequent form of partner aggression. Results showed high percentages of psychological aggression perpetrated and suffered in men and women and showed significant statistical differences in severe psychological aggression in the case of women. Partner agreement about acts of psychological aggression was significant, albeit at moderate levels. Generalized Hierarchical Linear Models with the HLM-6.0 program were proposed to examine reciprocal psychological aggression. The models confirmed the pattern of reciprocal psychological aggression and also that couples are more aggressive when they are younger. Duration of cohabitation was not a predictor of reciprocal psychological partner aggression.

Consumo de alcohol, sustancias ilegales y violencia hacia la pareja en una muestra de maltratadores en tratamiento psicológico / Alcohol consumption, illicit substances, and intimate partner violence in a sample of batterers in psychological treatment

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las características de consumo de alcohol y sustancias ilegales en una muestra de 572 maltratadores en tratamiento por orden judicial. Los resultados indican que la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol en el último año fue de 89,3%, mientras que dentro de las sustancias ilegales las prevalencias más altas fueron para cannabis (27,8%) seguido de cocaína (20,3%). Con el objetivo de analizar el posible efecto del consumo sobre los niveles de perpetración y victimización de agresiones hacia la pareja, se dividió la muestra en 4 grupos: no consumidores (16,3%), consumidores de alcohol (58,6%), consumidores de drogas ilegales (3,5%) y consumidores de alcohol y drogas ilegales (21,7%), encontrándose que el grupo de los no consumidores y el de los consumidores de alcohol son los que presentan los niveles más bajos en perpetración de agresiones psicológicas, físicas y sexuales y victimización de agresiones psicológicas y físicas, mientras que el grupo de consumidores de alcohol e ilegales es el que presenta los niveles más elevados. Los resultados hallados ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de evaluar el consumo de sustancias a la hora de diseñar protocolos de intervención con maltratadores

The purpose of this study is to analyze the alcohol and illicit substance consumption characteristics in a sample of 572 batterers in treatment by court order. The results indicate that the prevalence of alcohol consumption in the past year was 89.3%, whereas within illicit substances, the prevalences were higher for cannabis (27.8%), followed by cocaine (20.3%). In order to analyze the possible effect of consumption on levels of perpetration and victimization of partneraggression, the sample was divided into 4 groups: nonconsumers (16.3%), alcohol consumers (58.6%), illicit drug consumers (3.5%), and consumers of alcohol and illicit drugs (21.7%), finding that the groups of nonconsumers and alcohol consumers presented the lowest level of perpetration of psychological, physical, and sexual aggression and of victimization of psychological and physical aggression, whereas the group of consumers of alcohol and illicit drugs presented the highest levels. The results reveal the need to assess substance consumption when designing intervention protocols with batterers

Prevalence of psychological and physical intimate partner aggression in Madrid (Spain): A Dyadic analysis / La prevalencia de la agresión en la pareja psicológica y física en Madrid (España): Un análisis diádico

BACKGROUND: The goal of the present study is to analyze the prevalence of bidirectional psychological and physical aggression in intimate partner relationships using the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2), and to determine the influence of the variables age and relationship duration. METHOD: The participants were 3,578 heterosexual couples from the Region of Madrid. RESULTS: Bidirectional aggression was the most frequent pattern in the dyadic types of aggression examined; we analyzed the prevalences of mutual psychological (46%) and physical aggression (4%), reciprocal psychological (41%) and physical aggression (3%), and bidirectional psychological (80%) and physical aggression (25%). The variables age and relationship duration were significant predictors of bidirectional physical and psychological aggression. Younger couples and couples with less than a one-year relationship duration assaulted each other the most. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide an objective view of bidirectional aggression in Spanish community samples and serve as a reference point for prevention and intervention programs and forensic reports

ANTECEDENTES: el presente estudio tiene por objetivo analizar las prevalencias de agresión bidireccional psicológica y física en las relaciones íntimas de pareja mediante la Escala de Tácticas para el Conflicto (CTS-2) y determinar la influencia de las variables edad y tiempo de relación. MÉTODO: los participantes fueron 3.578 parejas heterosexuales pertenecientes a la Comunidad de Madrid. RESULTADOS: la agresión bidireccional fue el patrón de agresión más frecuente en los tipos diádicos de agresión examinados, siendo analizadas las prevalencias de agresión mutua psicológica (46%) y física (4%), recíproca psicológica (41%) y física (3%) y la bidireccional psicológica (80%) y física (25%). Las variables edad y tiempo de relación fueron predictores significativos de la agresión bidireccional física y psicológica, siendo las parejas más jóvenes y las que llevan menos años de relación las que más agreden. CONCLUSIONES: estos datos ofrecen una imagen objetiva sobre la agresión bidireccional en parejas españolas y sirven como punto de referencia para desarrollar programas de prevención, intervención e informes periciales

Prevalence of psychological and physical intimate partner aggression in Madrid (Spain): a dyadic analysis.

BACKGROUND: The goal of the present study is to analyze the prevalence of bidirectional psychological and physical aggression in intimate partner relationships using the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2), and to determine the influence of the variables age and relationship duration. METHOD: The participants were 3,578 heterosexual couples from the Region of Madrid. RESULTS: Bidirectional aggression was the most frequent pattern in the dyadic types of aggression examined; we analyzed the prevalences of mutual psychological (46%) and physical aggression (4%), reciprocal psychological (41%) and physical aggression (3%), and bidirectional psychological (80%) and physical aggression (25%). The variables age and relationship duration were significant predictors of bidirectional physical and psychological aggression. Younger couples and couples with less than a one-year relationship duration assaulted each other the most. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide an objective view of bidirectional aggression in Spanish community samples and serve as a reference point for prevention and intervention programs and forensic reports.

Psychometric properties of the dyadic adjustment scale (DAS) in a community sample of couples / Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Ajuste Diádico (DAS) en una muestra comunitaria de parejas

Background: This study analyzed the psychometric properties of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). Method: A sample of 1,180 participants, 590 adult heterosexual couples, from the Community of Madrid was examined via confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The results indicate that the factor structure of this scale fits the hierarchical factor model proposed by the test authors. The internal consistency, estimated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was satisfactory for the total scale (alpha = .80) and ranged from .13 to .88 for the subscales. Convergent validity was adequate in comparison to the Negotiation subscale (emotional and cognitive) from the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2). No significant differences were observed between genders. Finally, concordance or agreement between partners was high. The lowest agreement was found for the Affectional Expression subscale. Conclusions: After examining the psychometric properties, the DAS was found to be a reliable and valid measurement of the sampled community of couples (AU)

Antecedentes: el presente estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Ajuste Diádico (DAS). Método: se utilizó una muestra de 1.180 participantes, 590 parejas adultas de ambos sexos, pertenecientes a la Comunidad de Madrid. Se analizaron las respuestas de 590 parejas heterosexuales mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Resultados: los resultados indicaron que la estructura factorial de la escala se ajusta al modelo factorial jerárquico propuesto por los autores de la prueba. La consistencia interna, estimada mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, fue satisfactoria para la escala total (alfa= .80), oscilando dicho coeficiente para las subescalas desde .13 hasta .88. La validez convergente ha sida adecuada mediante su asociación con la subescala de negociación (emocional y cognitiva) de la CTS2. Las diferencias por género no revelaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Finalmente, la concordancia o acuerdo entre los miembros de la pareja fue elevada, dándose la menor concordancia en la subescala de expresión afectiva. Conclusiones: tras examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Ajuste Diádico, se concluyó que esta escala proporciona una medida fiable y válida del ajuste diádico en muestras comunitarias de parejas (AU)

Psychometric properties of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) in a community sample of couples.

BACKGROUND: This study analyzed the psychometric properties of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). METHOD: A sample of 1,180 participants, 590 adult heterosexual couples, from the Community of Madrid was examined via confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: The results indicate that the factor structure of this scale fits the hierarchical factor model proposed by the test authors. The internal consistency, estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient was satisfactory for the total scale (alpha = .80) and ranged from .13 to .88 for the subscales. Convergent validity was adequate in comparison to the Negotiation subscale (emotional and cognitive) from the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2). No significant differences were observed between genders. Finally, concordance or agreement between partners was high. The lowest agreement was found for the Affectional Expression subscale. CONCLUSIONS: After examining the psychometric properties, the DAS was found to be a reliable and valid measurement of the sampled community of couples.

Riesgo de violencia y psicopatía en distintas tipologías delictivas: un estudio empírico / Risk of violence and psychopathy in different typologies of delinquency: an empirical study

Este estudio se centra en la identificación de varias tipologías delictivas a través de una serie de variables sociodemográficas, delictivas y de riesgo de reincidencia en una muestra penitenciaria de la Comunidad de Madrid. Los resultados obtenidos con 138 participantes, evaluados con la “Guía de valoración del riesgo de violencia” (VRG), muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los factores de riesgo de violencia analizados en cada una de las dos tipologías delictivas identificadas previamente. En concreto, la mayor gravedad de la lesión producida en la víctima conjuntamente con las conductas antisociales y desviadas (factor 2 de la PCL-R) fueron los factores predictores más asociados a la primera tipología delictiva; mientras que la comisión de delitos no violentos y una mayor edad en la comisión del delito fueron los factores más asociados a la segunda tipología. Estos resultados señalan la importancia y utilidad de establecer diferentes tipologías empíricas de delincuentes para valorar específicamente la capacidad predictiva de los factores de riesgo de violencia de cara a una mayor eficiencia de la valoración, manejo del riesgo delictivo e intervención en contextos penitenciarios (AU)

This study focuses on the identification of various criminal typologies through a number of socio-demographic, criminal and recidivism risk variables in a prison sample of the Region of Madrid. The results obtained with 138 participants, assessed with the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG) showed significant differences in the risk factors of violence according to the criminal typologies identified previously. Particularly, the severity of the victim’s damage, together with antisocial and deviant behaviors (PCL-R, factor 2), were associated significantly with the first criminal typology, while non-violent offenses and an older age in the commission of crime were predictors for the second typology. These results show the relevance and usefulness of the offender typologies’ analysis to assess specifically the risk of violence in the prediction, risk management and intervention in prison settings

Estudio longitudinal sobre calidad de vida, craving y ajuste psicológico en pacientes dependientes del alcohol: variaciones en función de los trastornos de la personalidad / Longitudinal study on quality of life, craving and psychological adjustment in alcohol-dependent patients: variations depending on the personality disorders

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la evolución de variables como la calidad de vida, el craving o el ajuste psicológico a lo largo del tratamiento en una muestra de 65 pacientes con un trastorno por dependencia del alcohol, de los que el 56,3% presentaba un trastorno de la personalidad (TP). Se realizaron cinco mediciones a lo largo del tratamiento con un intervalo de tres meses entre cada una de ellas. El análisis de tendencias de la variables craving, calidad de vida y ajuste psicológico a lo largo de los cinco momentos en que fueron evaluados los pacientes ponen de manifiesto que el tratamiento cognitivo-conductual influye de distinta manera en cada una de estas variables: estableciéndose una relación cuadrática y cúbica para el craving; para la calidad de vida en sus distintas escalas se da una relación lineal, cuadrática y cúbica según los distintos momentos temporales; y para el ajuste psicológico existe una relación lineal y cuadrática. Al final del tratamiento los pacientes evaluados presentan niveles de calidad de vida significativamente mayores en comparación al inicio del mismo, pero los resultados muestran que aunque los pacientes con TP mejoran su percepción de calidad de vida a los tres meses, es menor a lo largo de todo el tratamiento con respecto al nivel de los pacientes que no presentan TP. También se ha constatado que la calidad de vida y el craving al iniciar el tratamiento predicen el consumo de alcohol durante los tres primeros meses. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados cara a la intervención psicológica con pacientes dependientes del alcohol (AU)

The goal of this study was to determine the evolution of variables such as quality of life, craving, or psychological adjustment during treatment in a sample of 65 patients with alcohol-dependence disorder, 56.3% of whom also presented a personality disorder (PD). Five measurements were taken over the course of the treatment, at 3-month intervals. The analysis of tendencies of the variables craving, quality of life, and psychological adjustment assessed at the five assessment points revealed that the cognitive-behavioral treatment influences each one of these variables differently: a quadratic and cubic relation was identified for craving, whereas for quality of life there were linear, quadratic and cubic relationships in its diverse scales depending on the time point in question, and for psychological adjustment there were linear and quadratic relationships. At the end of treatment, the patients assessed presented significantly higher levels of quality of life than at the beginning, but the results showed that, although the patients with PD had better perceived quality of life at three months, it was lower over the entire course of the treatment compared to patients without PD. It was also found that quality of life and craving at the start of the treatment predicted alcohol use during the first three months. The implications of these results are discussed with a view to psychological intervention with alcohol-dependent patients (AU)

[Longitudinal study on quality of life, craving and psychological adjustment in alcohol-dependent patients: variations depending on the personality disorders]. / Estudio longitudinal sobre calidad de vida, craving y ajuste psicológico en pacientes dependientes del alcohol: variaciones en función de los trastornos de la personalidad.

The goal of this study was to determine the evolution of variables such as quality of life, craving, or psychological adjustment during treatment in a sample of 65 patients with alcohol-dependence disorder, 56.3% of whom also presented a personality disorder (PD). Five measurements were taken over the course of the treatment, at 3-month intervals. The analysis of tendencies of the variables craving, quality of life, and psychological adjustment assessed at the five assessment points revealed that the cognitive-behavioral treatment influences each one of these variables differently: a quadratic and cubic relation was identified for craving, whereas for quality of life there were linear, quadratic and cubic relationships in its diverse scales depending on the time point in question, and for psychological adjustment there were linear and quadratic relationships. At the end of treatment, the patients assessed presented significantly higher levels of quality of life than at the beginning, but the results showed that, although the patients with PD had better perceived quality of life at three months, it was lower over the entire course of the treatment compared to patients without PD. It was also found that quality of life and craving at the start of the treatment predicted alcohol use during the first three months. The implications of these results are discussed with a view to psychological intervention with alcohol-dependent patients.

[Quality of life in patients with alcohol dependence disorder with personality disorders: relation to psychological adjustment and craving]. / La calidad de vida en pacientes con trastorno por dependencia al alcohol con trastornos de la personalidad: relación con el ajuste psicológico y craving.

The purpose of this study is to determine the self-perceived quality of life of abstinent patients with alcohol dependence disorder during the first month of treatment, and how the presence of personality disorders, psychological adjustment, and the level of craving affect this perception. For this purpose, a sample was used comprising 65 participants with mean age of 43.26 years, of whom 70.8% were male and 29.2% female, with a mean duration of addiction to alcohol consumption of 11.83 years. The results show that quality of life is not related to the duration of abstinence or the course of the addiction. Moreover, the patients who present a personality disorder perceive poorer quality of life in areas such as health status, mood, and social relations. Self-perception of quality of life is affected by psychological adjustment and beliefs about craving. These data should be taken into account when considering quality of life as a measurement of the effectiveness of a treatment for drug addicts with personality disorders.

La calidad de vida en pacientes con trastorno por dependencia al alcohol con trastornos de la personalidad: relación con el ajuste psicológico y craving / Quality of life in patients with alcohol dependence disorder with personality disorders: relation to psychological adjustment and craving

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la calidad de vida autopercibida de 65 pacientes con trastorno por dependencia al alcohol abstinentes en el primer mes de tratamiento y el modo en que algunas variables de gran impacto en el tratamiento, como los trastornos de la personalidad, el ajuste psicológico y el craving, influyen en esa percepción. Se ha visto que la calidad de vida no se relaciona con el tiempo de abstinencia o con la evolución de la adicción. Los resultados muestran que los pacientes que presentan un trastorno de la personalidad perciben una peor calidad de vida en áreas como el estado de salud, el estado de ánimo y las relaciones sociales. Además, la autopercepción de la calidad de vida se ve influenciada por el ajuste psicológico y las creencias sobre el craving, lo que debe tenerse en cuenta al estudiar la calidad de vida como medida de la efectividad del tratamiento de drogodependientes con trastornos de la personalidad (AU)

The purpose of this study is to determine the self-perceived quality of life of abstinent patients with alcohol dependence disorder during the fi rst month of treatment, and how the presence of personality disorders, psychological adjustment, and the level of craving affect this perception. For this purpose, a sample was used comprising 65 participants with mean age of 43.26 years, of whom 70.8% were male and 29.2% female, with a mean duration of addiction to alcohol consumption of 11.83 years. The results show that quality of life is not related to the duration of abstinence or the course of the addiction. Moreover, the patients who present a personality disorder perceive poorer quality of life in areas such as health status, mood, and social relations. Self-perception of quality of life is affected by psychological adjustment and beliefs about craving. These data should be taken into account when considering quality of life as a measurement of the effectiveness of a treatment for drug addicts with personality disorders(AU)

[Influence of personality disorders and consumption patterns on the efficacy of a relapse-prevention program for the treatment of alcoholism]. / Influencia de los trastornos de la personalidad y patrones de consumo en la eficacia de un programa de prevención de recaídas para el tratamiento del alcoholismo.

The purpose of this study is to analyze to efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment program, in individual and group format, for people with alcohol problems, and to determine the role of some personality variables in the process of therapeutic recovery. The sample was made up of 80 patients diagnosed as alcoholics, 83.8% of whom were men (n=67) and 16.3% were women (n=13). Mean age was 42.73 years, with a standard deviation of 9.63 years. Basically, we found a high incidence of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and consumption patterns that change as a function of the presence or absence of personality disorders. We also observed that the results varied in relation to physiological variables and environmental situations associated with the presence of craving responses. Treatment of such patients with dual pathology demands greater effort from the therapist to promote treatment adherence, an aspect crucial to completion of treatment programs and to achieve therapeutic success. Cognitive-behavioral intervention for relapse prevention was observed to produce satisfactory results in patients with personality disorders. Neither consumption patterns nor personality disorders predict the type of treatment termination.

Influencia de los trastornos de la personalidad y patrones de consumo en la eficacia de un programa de prevención de recaídas para el tratamiento del alcoholismo / Influence of personality disorders and consumption patterns on the efficacy of a relapse-prevention program for the treatment of alcoholism

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la eficacia de un programa de tratamiento cognitivo conductual en formato de terapia individual y grupal para personas con un problema de alcoholismo, y determinar el papel que juegan determinadas variables de personalidad en el proceso de recuperación terapéutica. La muestra estaba formada por 80 pacientes diagnosticados con un problema de alcoholismo, siendo el 83.8 % hombres (n = 67) y el 16.3 % mujeres (n =13). La edad media era de 42.73 años y la desviación típica 9.63 años. Se ha encontrado, fundamentalmente, una alta incidencia del trastorno de personalidad obsesivo-compulsivo y patrones de consumo de alcohol que cambian en función de la presencia o ausencia de trastornos de personalidad. También se puso de manifiesto que los resultados variaban en relación a variables fisiológicas y a situaciones ambientales asociadas a la presencia de respuestas de deseo. El tratamiento de estos pacientes con patología dual exige un mayor esfuerzo por parte del terapeuta para potenciar la adherencia al tratamiento, aspecto que es crucial a la hora de completar el programa de tratamiento y alcanzar el éxito terapéutico. Se ha visto que la intervención cognitivo-conductual para la prevención de recaídas muestra resultados satisfactorios en pacientes con trastornos de la personalidad. Ni los patrones de consumo ni los trastornos de la personalidad predicen el tipo de terminación del tratamiento (AU)

The purpose of this study is to analyze to efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment program, in individual and group format, for people with alcohol problems, and to determine the role of some personality variables in the process of therapeutic recovery. The sample was made up of 80 patients diagnosed as alcoholics, 83.8 % of whom were men (n = 67) and 16.3 % were women (n = 13). Mean age was 42.73 years, with a standard deviation of 9.63 years. Basically, we found a high incidence of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and consumption patterns that change as a function of the presence or absence of personality disorders. We also observed that the results varied in relation to physiological variables and environmental situations associated with the presence of craving responses. Treatment of such patients with dual pathology demands greater effort from the therapist to promote treatment adherence, an aspect crucial to completion of treatment programs and to achieve therapeutic success. Cognitive-behavioral intervention for relapse prevention was observed to produce satisfactory results in patients with personality disorders. Neither consumption patterns nor personality disorders predict the type of treatment termination (AU)

El acoso psicológico en el lugar de trabajo: prevalencia y análisis descriptivo en una muestra multiocupacional / Workplace bullying: Prevalence and descriptive analysis in a multiocupational simple

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la prevalencia del acoso psicológico en el lugar de trabajo y las distintas características asociadas a dicho fenómeno en una muestra multiocupacional compuesta por 2861 trabajadores pertenecientes a distintos sectores de actividad laboral, empleándose para ello un instrumento específico de medida del acoso laboral, el NAQ-R (Negative Acts Questionnaire - Revised), y un cuestionario sobre aspectos sociodemográficos y sociolaborales elaborado ad hoc. A tenor de los resultados obtenidos en relación a las propiedades psicométricas del NAQ-R, la versión española permite evaluar, con las suficientes garantías psicométricas, diferentes niveles de acoso laboral. Por otra parte, los resultados obtenidos señalan que el 14% de los participantes han sufrido conductas de acoso laboral durante los últimos seis meses. Asimismo, las demás características del acoso laboral halladas han resultado afines a las de distintos estudios desarrollados tanto a nivel nacional como internacional sobre la materia (AU)

The aim of this paper is to analyze the prevalence of mobbing in the workplace, as well as the main associated characteristics, in a multi-occupational sample of 2861 workers from diverse work sectors. For this purpose, a specific mobbing instrument, the «Negative Acts Questionnaire - Revised» (NAQ-R) and a questionnaire elaborated ad hoc about sociodemographic and work aspects considered of interest in this study were employed. The results of this study provide psychometric support for the use of the Spanish version of the NAQ-R as a reliable and valid instrument to assess diverse levels of workplace bullying. The results of the study indicate that 14% of the participants had suffered mobbing behaviors during the past six months. Likewise, the mobbing characteristics found were, in general, similar to those found in diverse studies, both at national and international levels (AU)